The Year's Work in Canadian Poetry Studies: 1982

In the following bibliography of criticism on English-Canadian poetry published in 1982, journal articles have been summarized or abstracted according to the requirements imposed by the nature of the material. Full-length studies and interviews have also been included, generally without summational comment.

The annotated checklists of the year's work in Canadian Poetry Studies for 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, and 1981 can be found in Nos. 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 of Canadian Poetry.

PRE-CONFEDERATION

Bentley, D.M.R. "The 'Lone Shieling' Stanza of 'The Canadian BoatSong.' " Essays on Canadian Writing, no. 23 (Spring 1982), 163-167

Bentley attempts to establish the sense of memory implicit in the 'Lone Shieling' stanza and expands this through textual analysis to articulate larger cultural meanings.

Gingell-Beckmann, Susan. "Joseph Howe's Acadia: Document of a Divided Sensibility." Canadian Poetry, no. 10 (Spring/Summer 1982), 18-31.

The article finds a dichotomy of attitude toward the Indian in theme, approach and style, as Acadia's vacillation in perspective between a colonial and native sympathy yields to more subtle stylistic discriminations. The juxtaposition of historical events seen from dual perspectives leads finally to an ambivalence of intent.

Goldie, Terry. "The Aboriginal Connection: A Study of Tecumseh by Charles Mair and 'The Glen of Arrawatta' by Henry Kendall." World Literature Written in English, 21:2 (Summer 1982), 287-297.

Constructs a comparative analysis of Mair's Tecumseh and Australia's "The Glen of Arrawatta" by Kendall, suggesting similar difficulties in colonial experience and visions of national development. Contrasting views of aboriginal peoples point out aspects of romanticism in ambivalent reactions to native peoples. While the Canadian poem seeks to emphasize personal (and therefore cultural) heroism, Kendall's poem portrays the native peoples as malevolent forces within a hostile landscape.

MacDonald, Mary Lu. "An Index to the Literary Garland Updated." Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada, 19 (1980), [79]-83.

Provides a notation of some items omitted or unattributed in Mary Markham Brown's An Index to the Literary Garland (1962), qualifying the use of the Index as a primary research tool.

Vincent, Thomas, and Ann LaBrash, comps. The Acadian Magazine 1826-1828: Contents Report and Index. Kingston: Royal Military College of Canada, 1982. (Occasional Papers of the Department of English, R.M.C., 5) [v], 39 pp.

----------. The Nova-Scotia Magazine 1789-1792: Contents Report and Index. Kingston: Royal Military College of Canada, 1982. (Occasional Papers of the Department of English, R.M.C., 4) [v], 119 pp.

----------. The Provincial, or Halifax Monthly Magazine 1852-1853: Contents Report and Index. Kingston: Royal Military College of Canada, 1982. (Occasional Papers of the Department of English, R.M.C., 6) [v], 35 pp.

Ware, Tracy. "George Longwore's The Charivari: A Poem 'After the Manner of Beppo.' " Canadian Poetry, no. 10 (Spring/Summer 1982), 1-17.

Ware discusses the poem in terms of Longmore's layering of complexities among its various allegorical strata. In a discrimination between the literal and the literary suggested by the full title, The Charivari, or Canadian Poetics, the essay shows how the dynamics of Byronic satire are enacted within a specifically Canadian context, extending to a political consideration of the Union Bill of 1822.

CONFEDERATION

Bentley, D.M.R. "A Thread of Memory and the Fabric of Archibald Lampman's 'City of the End of Things.'" World Literature Written in English, 21:1 (Spring 1982), 86-95.

An attempt to rescue "City of the End of Things" from critical misunderstanding, Sutherland's Lampman-Poe connection is expanded to consider the influence of Wordsworth's Excursion and Lampman's own creative independence.

----------. "Watchful Dream and Sweet Unrest: An Essay on the Vision of Archibald Lampman, Part II." Studies in Canadian Literature, 7:1 (1982), 5-26.

Bentley illuminates Lampman's qualified pastoral in terms of a human focus through the Among the Millet poems, drawing a correspondence between the narcotic of poetic reverie in "The Frogs" sequence and the tale "Hans Fingerhut's Frog Lesson" in its innocent receptivity to nature. Both responses require the corrective of a mature social vision to attain the perspective of natural cyclicality articulated in the volume's pivotal poem, "Among the Timothy."

Boone, Laurel. "Wilfred Campbell Reconsidered." Canadian Literature, no. 94 (Autumn 1982), 67-82.

Essay places Campbell in the intellectual and political context which Boone feels is necessary for proper consideration of the poet's work. Campbell's vision of the poet's mission as "seer" and "singer" dictated his adherence to conventional form and extended his sense of inspirational public purpose in the direction of imperial idealism.

Cockburn, R.H. "A Note on the Probable Source of Duncan Campbell Scott's 'The Forsaken.'" Studies in Canadian Literature, 7:1 (1982), 139-140.

A note suggesting that Scott had likely encountered the Anderson/Seton report of maternal sacrifice which was recorded in "The Forsaken."

Farmiloe, Dorothy. "Isabella Valancy Crawford, Canada's Emily Dickinson." In Kawartha Heritage: Proceedings of the Kawartha Conference, 1981. Eds. A.O.C. Cole and Jean Murray Cole. Peterborough: Peterborough Historical Atlas Foundation, 1981, 127-135.

This hypothetical projection of the "two Emilys" expands upon biographical similarities to suggest a poetic correlation in the evolving eroticism which links their naturalistic imagery.

Lynch, Gerald. "An Endless Flow: D.C. Scott's Indian Poems." Studies in Canadian Literature, 7:1 (1982), 27-54.

Lynch documents Scott's evolving understanding and compassion through the course of his Indian poems. Assumptions of assimilation yield finally to appreciation of cultural values likely to be sacrificed, as the tensions between official role and personal experience are placed in the context of a larger poetic vision as they reflect the primitive contact with sophistication.

Noonan, Gerald. "Phrases of Evolution in the Sonnets of Charles G.D. Roberts." English Studies in Canada, 8:4 (December 1982), [452]-464.

Rebuts Pacey's charge of artificiality by citing the influence of Darwinian concepts on Roberts' sonnets. Tracing a sense of organic rather than transcendental interaction with nature, Noonan assents the poet's idea of science as a "probe into the soul of things" which ultimately reconciles evolutionary and theological approaches to the natural world.

Ross, Catherine. "Isabella Valancy Crawford and 'this clanging world.'" In Kawartha Heritage: Proceedings of the Kawartha Conference, 1981. Eds. A.O.C. Cole and Jean Murray Cole. Peterborough: Peterborough Historical Atlas Foundation, 1981, 119-126.

Suggests Crawford's Dantean aspects in terms of a struggle of oppositions in an upward/downward spiral of experience, placing her roseate metaphor upon the locally available waterlily as an icon rising to association with the Eastern lotus.

MODERN

Bentley, D.M.R., and Michael Gnarowski, eds. [A.J.M. Smith Memorial Issue]. Canadian Poetry, no. 11 (Fall/Winter 1982). [vi], 145 pp.

Entire issue dedicated to the memory of A.J.M. Smith including honorary degree citation (Bishop's University, 1967) by Gustafson; critical studies by Stevens, Darling, Bentley, Harvey, Norris, Morley and Edel; interview, memoirs, tributes and correspondence by Heenan, F.R. Scott, Collin and Burke; review and bibliography by Stevens and MacLaren.

Bowering, George. A Way with Words. [Ottawa]: Oberon Press, 1982. 199 pp.

A collection of critical encounters with the poetry and personalities of Avison, Reaney, Kiyooka, D.G. Jones, Red Lane, Kearns, Newlove, Wah, Atwood, Davey and McFadden.

Burke, Anne. "Raymond Knister: An Annotated Bibliography." In The Annotated Bibliography of Canada's Major Authors, vol. 3. Eds. Robert Lecker and Jack David. Downsview: ECW Press, 1981, 281-322.

Cameron, Brian. "Arc in Conversation with P.K. Page." Arc, no. 7 (Fall 1982), 49-60.

Caplan, Usher. Like One That Dreamed: A Portrait of A.M. Klein. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, [1982]. 224 pp., illus.

Includes selections from Klein's unpublished works.

Craig, Terrence, ed. "Frederick Philip Grove's 'Poems.'" Canadian Poetry, no. 10 (Spring/Summer 1982), 58-90.

In the introduction to three of the four sections in Grove's typescript ("Thoughts," "The Dirge," "Landscapes," and "The Legend of the Planet Mars and Other Narratives"), Craig qualifies the elegiac character of the poems to suggest progressive development in Grove's sense of poetic persona.

Djwa, Sandra. "F.R. Scott: A Canadian in the Twenties." Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada, 19 (1980), [11]-21.

Djwa reflects upon her biographical study of Scott and its leading her to his self-consciousness in seeking vocation in law, politics and literature, reaching a sense of the poet through his diaries of the period 1921-1928.

Edel, Leon. "John Glassco (1909-1981) and His Erotic Muse." Canadian Literature, no. 93 (Summer 1982), 108-117.

In this reminiscence, Edel suggests that Glassco's vitality and exuberance find a direct expression in the pastiche of "pornographic" prose, while his poetry reflects a more formal classicism of style and a deeply elegiac tone.

Fuerstenberg, Adam G. "The Poet and the Tycoon: The Relationship between A.M. Klein and Samuel Bronfman." Canadian Jewish Historical Society Journal, 5:2 (Fall 1981), 49-69.

Explores the creative interaction between Klein and Bronfman, considering Klein's editorship of the Jewish Chronicle as the catalyst. Despite political and temperamental differences, the two worked within a mutually beneficial relationship of "Yiddishkeit."

Handy, Francis. "The Influence of Imagism on Canadian Poetry, [I]." Watchwords, 1:1 (September 1982), 15-18.

Discusses the influence of Imagism on the development of Canadian modernism in the early 20th century with reference to Knister and Ross.

----------. "The Influence of Imagism on Canadian Poetry, [II]." Watchwords, 1:2 (October 1982), 14-18.

Discusses Smith, Scott, Klein and Livesay in the context of precision of style and immediacy of personal response.

Heenan, Michael. "Souvenirs of Some: P.K. Page Responding to a Questionnaire." Canadian Poetry, no. 10 (Spring/Summer 1982), 100-105.

Page responds to questions concerning Montreal poetic movements in the 1940s, discussing the establishment of the Preview and First Statement groups and tensions between them. Acknowledging the importance of John Sutherland, she also acknowledges other influences upon her own early poetry.

Klein, A.M. Beyond Sambation: Selected Essays and Editorials 1928-1955. Eds. M.W. Steinberg and Usher Caplan. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1982. (Collected Works of A.M. Klein) xxxi, 541 pp., illus.

Moritz, Albert. "From a Far Star: The Sweet Sanity of Miriam Waddington." Books in Canada, 11:5 (May 1982), 5-8.

A personal profile of Waddington, focussing on her work's expression of "the depths within common things" embraced by the human life-cycle. The discussion explores Waddington's European Jewish tradition in the context of its Canadian expression with reference to her endeavours in both social work and literature.

Orange, John. "Ernest Buckler: An Annotated Bibliography." In The Annotated Bibliography of Canada's Major Authors, vol. 3. Eds. Robert Lecker and Jack David. Downsview: ECW Press, 1981, 13-56.

"PCR Interview with P.K. Page." Poetry Canada Review, 3:3 (Spring 1982), 8.

Philp, Ruth Scott. "CA&B Profile: Anne Marriott--Poet of Prairie and Coast." Canadian Author & Bookman, 58:3 (Spring 1983), 11-12.

Pollock, Zailig. "Errors in The Collected Poems of A.M. Klein." Canadian Poetry, no. 10 (Spring/Summer 1982), 91-99.

Diagrams "errors" in Miriam Waddington's edition of The Collected Poems of A.M. Klein (1974) in terms of omissions, dates, versions and textual errors.

Porter, Elizabeth. "Sarah Binks: Another Look at Saskatchewan's Sweet Songstress." World Literature Written in English, 21:2 (Spring 1982), 95-108.

Attempts to establish the Sarah Binks phenomenon as a vision of prairie life in the homesteading period, reinforcing basic human impulses and personal recollections of the early settlement of Saskatchewan.

Thompson, Lee Briscoe. "A Coat of Many Cultures: The Poetry of Dorothy Livesay." Journal of Popular Culture, 15:3 (Winter 1981), 53-61.

Essay explores Livesay's confrontation with multiculturalism from her youth in a class-defined Winnipeg through activity as a social worker in New Jersey and Montreal to expanding concerns for the wartime plight of Japanese-Canadians, native peoples and other ethnic, religious and regional minorities within the Canadian cultural mosaic.

Vanneste, Hilda M.C. Northern Review, 1945-1956: A History and an Index. Ottawa: Tecumseh Press, [1982]. ix, 296 pp.

The work outlines the origins and evolution of the Montreal little magazine under the editorship of John Sutherland and appends an index by author, title and subject.

[Wayne, Joyce]. "Q&Q Interview: Louis Dudek: 'Our mass society hasn't developed any taste for the-finer things.'" Quill & Quire, 48:8 (August 1982), 8-9.

[Wayne, Joyce, and Stuart MacKinnon]. "Q&Q Interview: F.R. Scott." Quill & Quire, 48:7 (July 1982), 12, 16, 18.

Whiteman, Bruce. "Raymond Souster's New Wave Canada: A Bibliographical Note." Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada, 20 (1981), [63]-65.

A bibliographical history of New Wave Canada: The New Explosion in Canadian Poetry (1966) gleaned from letters written by Souster to Cid Corman during the New Wave years, documenting issues and editions as well as circumstances of publication.

CONTEMPORARY

Bartley, Jan. "An Interview with John Newlove." Essays on Canadian Writing, no. 23 (Spring 1982), 135-156.

Establishes perspectives on Newlove's poetic preoccupations, influences, philosophical direction, technique, literary associations and public role of the poet.

Cooley, Dennis. "An Interview with Don Gutteridge." CV II, 6:4 (August 1982), 37- 48.

A concentrically-structured interview which moves from the cultural aspects of "border-town" living and Gutteridge's early poetic career to technical discussion of poetic forms to an assessment of Gutteridge's sense of his own place as a regional and national poet.

Fowler, Adrian. "Newfoundland Portia m the 70B: The Context." CV II, 6:3 (Spring 1982), 5-8.

Focussing upon the oral and literary traditions of Newfoundland poetry, Fowler introduces figures within the provincial cultural jlandscape and works toward establishing their national cultural relevance.

Gervais, C.H. [Interview with David McFadden]. In Contemporary Authors, vol. 104. Ed. Frances C. Locher. Detroit: Gale Research Company [1982],306-308.

Goldie, Terry. "Al Pittman and Tom Dawe: Island Poems." Studies in Canadian Literature, 7:2 (1982), 200-213.

Goldie discusses the two Newfoundland poets in terms of a psychological insularity reflecting a political and geographic isolation. This embodiment of universal modern estrangement corresponds to spatial realities, as removal from "centres of power" forces these poets back upon nature in its patterns of land-sea-air interrelationships as models of integration.

Gutteridge, Don. "Local Colour, Communal Consciousness, and Loretta Lynn: A Recantation." CV II, 7:1 (November 1982), 5-7.

An essay in self-definition, acknowledging the importance of regional consciousness as a "dialect of the heart." Expansion to a broadened national sense, Gutteridge suggests, was often a forced attempt to "be Canadian" through adherence to received cultural hallmarks. Valid nationalism must finally derive from strongly-felt local roots--and Gutteridge's poem addressed to Loretta Lynn pays tribute to this specific self-realization in context.

Harasym, Sally. "Sally Harasym & Allan Brown: A Conversation." Quarry, 31:3 (Summer 1982), 86-92.

Harris, John. "Harvey Chometsky: The Power of Intimacy." CV II, 7:1 (November 1982), 54-56.

Harris suggests that the immediacy of an almost childlike attention to concrete detail works to reveal complexities of language, concept and emotion in Chometsky's poetry.

Hines, George. Stephen Gill and His Works: An Eualuation. Cornwall: Vesta Publications, 1982. 183 pp.

Bio-commentary on the full range of Gill's works, including novels, short stories, critical works and two volumes of poetry, Reflections (1972) and Wounds (1974).

Ian Young: A Bibliography, 1962-1980. Toronto: Pink Triangle Press, 1981. (Canadian Gay Archives Publication, 3) 58 pp., illus.

Jones, D.G. "Al Purdy's Contemporary Pastoral." Canadian Poetry, no. 10 (Spring/Summer 1982), 32-43.

The immediacy of Purdy's lyrics extends toward a spatial/temporal integration of locale and the uniqueness of a sustaining, co-operative interaction with the specific landscape. Local space is significantly personalized in the ambivalent pastoral of Purdy's own homestead in Ameliasburgh, Ontario, and in his travels through various personal-topographical excursions. Also published as "Un bricoleur parmi les technologues: la vision pastorale de Purdy" in Ellipse, nos. 27/28 (1981), 94-105.

Kearns, Lionel. "The Rationale of Stacked-Verse." Open Letter, ser.5, no. 2 (Spring 1982), 21-38.

Kearns explains and provides examples to illustrate his own work in "stacked verse," suggesting the qualities of rhythmic form available to this type of graphic construction.

"Ken Lewis: Interchange with the Author." [Interview] Quarry, 31:1 (Winter 1982), 67-72.

Kishkan, Theresa. "We Cannot Hold Our Coming Through the World: The Poetry of John Pass." Brick, no. 15 (Spring 1982), 8-14.

Discussion of Pass' seven collections of poetry published since the early 1970s, suggesting the power and consequence of this largely ignored Canadian poet.

Lane, M. Travis. "Contemporary Canadian Verse: The View from Here." University of Toronto Quarterly, 52:2 (Winter 1982-83), [179]-190.

Lane's examination of rhetorical structures reveals two analogies: "poem as opera" and "poem as conversation," a distinction which permits Lane to offer a presentational/participatory ground for analysis. Lane seeks to measure characteristic possibilities and weaknesses of what he sees as four categories of contemporary Canadian poetry: long dramatic narratives steeped in history and place; meditative essays; proletarian lyrics with social orientation; and "self-displaying" lyrics of poet-persona.

Lane, Patrick. "The Saskatchewan Presses." Grain, 9:4 (November 1981), 52-56.

Lane reviews the publications of two Saskatchewan small presses, Thistledown Press (Saskatoon) abnd Coteau Books (Moose Jaw), discussing editorial policies both in terms of their parochialism and substantial contributions in fostering the richness of regional literature.

Lecker, Robert. "Bordering On: Robert Kroetsch's Aesthetic." Journal of Canadian Studies, 17:3 (Fall 1982), 124-133.

Considers Kroetsch's aesthetic theory in terms of a "border metaphor" suggesting enclosure as well as division between extremes: geographic, personal and cultural.

[McLaren, Juliet]. "Interview with Carolyn Zonailo." CV II, 6:1/2 (Winter 1982), 62-64.

[Moore, Kathleen C.] "Signature Marks & Burnt Pearls: An Interview with Seymour Mayne." Athanor, 1:4 (December 1980), 6-23.

Mayne dilates upon his sense of poetic community in postwar Montreal, incorporating personal reminiscence with a theoretical discussion of "Canadian Poetics" and tracing the influence of a cultural relationship with Israel upon his own life and works.

Mulhallen, Karen, ed. Tasks of Passion: Dennis Lee at Mid-Career. Toronto: Descant Editions, 1982. 247 pp., illus.

Personal reminiscences, critical commentary and appreciations by major figures in the Canadian literary pantheon (Atwood, Gibson, Ondantje, Purdy, Symons, Engel, Layton, Cohen, Coles, Egoff, Acker, Levertov, Bringhurst, Blodgett, Kane, Munton, Dragland, Bowering, Grant, Macpherson). Also published as Descant, no. 39 (14:1) (Winter 1982).

Neuman, Shirley, and Robert Wilson. Labyrinths of Voice: Conversations with Robert Kroetsch. Edmonton: NeWest Press, [1982]. (Western Canadian Literary Documents, 3) xii, 246 pp.

Although revolving primarily around Kroetsch's fiction, these discussions implicate both themes and techniques present in the poetry.

O'Riordan, Brian, and Bruce Meyer. "Working for the World to Come: An Interview with Leonard Cohen." Descant, no.37 (13:3) (Summer 1982), 113-129, illus.

Paul, David J. "An Interview with Glen Sorestad." Watchwords, 1:3 (November 1982), 9-12.

"PCR Interview with David Donnell." Poetry Canada Review, 4:1 (Fall 1982), 8.

Pivato, Joseph. "The Arrival of Italian-Canadian Writing." Canadian Ethnic Studies, 14:1 (1982), [127]-137.

Pivato explores implications of ethnic origin and identity in recent Italian-Canadian writing, focussing on transformation of values and myths, problems of urbanization and the ambivalences of status in a new culture. Bibliography appended, pp. 135-137.

Purdy, A1. [Interview with Milton Acorn]. In Contemporary Authors, vol. 103. Ed. Frances C. Locher. Detroit: Gale Research Company, [1982], 10-12.

Ratner, Rochelle. "Voices of the Underdog." CV II, 6:1/2 (Winter 1982), 105-108.

Ratner sets forth the importance of the poetry of Atwood and Ondaatje as "models of the extended poem" and offers her readings of major Ondaatje poems. The sense of precision in imagery, documented in shorter works, is extended into consideration of the integrating collagist structures of The Collected Works of Billy the Kid and the multiple perspectives of Coming Through Slaughter.

Sorestad, Glen. "A History of Thistledown." Grain, 9:4 (November 1981), 57-58.

Documents the evolution and editorial commitments of this Saskatoon literary press.

Toth, Nancy. "Longspoon Press." CVII, 7:1 (November 1982), 60.

A descriptive history and discussion of the editorial emphases of the Edmonton publishing house.

Ursell, Geoffrey. "A Brief History of Thunder Creek Publishing Co-op." Grain, 9:4 (November 1981), 59-61.

Reveals the editorial operation of the Thunder Creek Co-op which publishes Coteau Books (Moose Jaw).

Woodcock, George. Letter to the Past: An Autobiography. Toronto: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, [1982]. 329 pp.

Responding to the memory of Marie Louise Berneri, Woodcock constructs an autobiography documenting his literary and political career to his return to Canada in 1948.

GENERAL STUDIES

Atwood, Margaret. "Introduction" to The New Oxford Book of Canadian Verse in English. Toronto: Oxford University Press,1982, xxvii-xxxix.

Looking back at the formative survey of The Oxford Book of Canad ian Verse (1960) edited by A.J.M. Smith, Atwood defines specific distillations of the new edition in terms of its contemporaneity, the dual impulse toward elegiac/satirical relation to a new terrain, and the equally bifurcated transplant/aboriginal response to Canadian settlement. Essentially a literary-historical overview, the "Introduction" suggests Atwood's own perspective on the imaginative contours of the English Canadian literary landscape.

----------. Second Words: Selected Critical Prose. Toronto: House of Anansi Press, [1982]. 444 pp.

An eclectic collection of critical essays from the period 1960-1982, embracing cultural and political as well as literary issues. Among the consideration of Canadian poetry are discussions of the work of Avison, Purdy, MacEwen, Reaney, Newlove and the author herself

Baltensperger, Peter. "Mythology of Landscape," CV II, 6:1/2 (Winter 1982), 76-77.

Spatial uncertainty, Baltensperger feels, has led to a tripartite mythology of the Canadian landscape: 1) idyllic pastoral (Lampman, Carman); 2) suffering virgin habitat (Birney, bissett); and 3) harsh unsympathetic world (Birney, Atwood). All three are seen as cultural determinants deriving their synthesis of earth mother, victim and threat through such poems as Purdy's "The Country of the Young" and MacEwen's "Discovery."

Bentley, D.M.R. "Drawers of Water; Notes on the Significance and Scenery of Fresh Water in Canadian Poetry, [Part 1]." CV II, 6:4 (August 1982), 17-28.

Drawing metaphorical associations with linear movements in time, life patterns and the traverse of landscape, Bentley traces the images of rivers in the anonymous "The Falls of Montmorency" and in the poetry of Cary, Kirby, Bayley, Sangster, Harrison, C.G.D. Roberts, Lampman, D.C. Scott, Ross, F.R. Scott, Avison, Hine, Marty, Wayman, Musgrave and others.

----------. "Drawers of Water; The Significance and Scenery of Fresh Water in Canadian Poetry, Parts 2 and 3." CV II, 7:1 (November 1982), 25-49.

The "fresh water vision" in Canadian poetry is extended to waterfalls and rapids in Part 2, reflecting the sublimity of Romanticism in extremity of emotions. The essay discusses Allan, Armstrong, Caldwell, Kirby, Hunter-Duvar, Sangster, Harrison, C.G.D. Roberts, D.C. Scott, Birney and Kevin Roberts. Part 3 discusses the passive expanses and vistas of lakescapes in the context of meditation and stasis with reference to the poetry of Campbell, Lampman, D.C. Scott, Ross, F.R. Scott, Atwood, and others.

Duffy, Dennis. Gardens, Covenants, Exiles: Loyalism in the Literature of Upper Canada/Ontario. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, [1982]. x, 160 pp.

Includes discussion of Loyalist influences and implications in the poetry of Kirby, Mair, C.G.D. Roberts as well as more recent manifestations in the work of Lee, Purdy and Symons.

Laugher, Charles T. Atlantic Province Authors of the Twentieth Century: A Bio-Bibliographical Checklist. Halifax: Dalhousie University Libraries, 1982. (Dalhousie University Libraries and Dalhousie University School of Library Service Occasional Paper, 29) [vi], 620 pp.

Includes "writers of both juvenile and adult poetry, fiction and drama" born in or associated with the Atlantic provinces.

Livesay, Dorothy. "Our Utopian Tradition." CV n, 6:1/2 (Winter 1982), 10-11.

Livesay recalls the Simon Fraser University F.R. Scott Conference of March 1981 and links the poet with Isabella Valancy Crawford in his concern with the dualities of the hopeful utopian social visionary and the skeptic who must acknowledge human evil and injustice.

Norris, Ken, and Peter Van Toorn, eds. The Insecurity of Art: Essays on Poetics. Montreal: Vehicule Press, 1982. 159 pp.

This collection of essays concerned with English-language poetry in Quebec goes beyond manifesto to provide statements on craft and process (by Cohen, Dudek, Glassco, Gustafson, Jones, Konyves, F.R. Scott, Layton, Solway and other prominent anglophone poets) which expand cultural tensions to more resonant issues of poetic creativity.

[Smith, Douglas]. "Canadian Poetry and 'Transformative Power.'" Northern Light, nos. 7/8 (Fall/Winter 1981-82), 75-78.

Responding to Patrick Lane's assertion that recent prairie poetry lacks "transformative power," Smith extends this criticism to suggest a general failure in Canadian poetry to integrate external perceptions with imaginative life, viewing "process" poetry as often placid or involuted and borrowings from the "Black Mountaineers" as essentially unadventuresome.

Surette, Leon. "Here is Us: The Topocentrism of Canadian Literary Criticism." Canadian Poetry, no. 10 (Spring/Summer 1982), 44-57.

Declaring that Canadian literary criticism has rested generally upon cultural history aimed at establishing a sense of uniqueness (or "collective genius"), Surette suggests that critics from Pelham Edgar to Northrop Frye have promoted the view that English writing in Canada is sundered from its cultural roots. More recent criticism involves a near inversion, seeing the Canadian tension of "old" sensibilities thrust into "new" environments. The search for definition collides with social heterogeneity, regional attachments and thematic obstacles, suggesting the limitations of considering culture to be the product solely of physical environment.

Mary Ann Jameson